Moliere

The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period. There are a small amount of characteristics that are usually associated with the Enlightenment. People at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence. In Moliere’s Tartuffe, this is articulated all the way through the character of the king. Eventually, Tartuffe has brought an officer of the king back to take Orgon away. Though, in Tartuffe’s endeavour to get Orgon arrested, the king saw through him and explained that Tartuffe was the one to be charged and put to trial.One more important characteristic in the play is the desire for equality and dignity for all, the notion that all have a set of fundamental human rights. The Enlightenment also confronted several of the former ideologies, and one of such ideologies was unawareness. Tartuffe demonstrates these characteristics through the character Dorine, w ho is Mariane’s lady-maid; in other words, she is someone with a low social standing because she is a member of the working class. She is probably ignorant, as most are who have a low social status.Though, in the story, she is much smarter than Orgon and as well a lot more sensible. This illustrates that it does not matter what social class one comes from to find out their level of intelligence. Her proximity and acceptance by the family, with the exception of Orgon, illustrates that people can be looked at for their own worth and value. Dorine is an important person from a lower social standing than the family, however, she is capable of socializing and making friends with the family she works for.One more challenge is to false notion, dishonesty, as well as tyrannical traditions. Tartuffe is a character that is associated with the church and so far is a very misleading, deceitful character. He is capable of conning Orgon into letting him into his home. In addition, Orgon is misled into disinheriting his own son and leaving all the heritages to Tartuffe.Orgon is an example of the repressive person who makes an effort to maintain complete control. His control conventionally extends over his family, particularly his daughter. In the story, she is to supposed to get married to the man she loves, however when Tartuffe enters the picture, Orgon withdraws his promise to her fiancà ©, also tells her she is to marry Tartuffe instead. Despite the fact that, Orgon is challenged by his family, who work to show Tartuffe is a con-artist. This is in straight opposition to the conventional power structure of society and brings into question the right of this structure.These are just a few instances of how the Enlightenment ideals are depicted in the works of the time, particularly in Tartuffe. Tartuffe as a result enthused up the clergy, with its clever lampoon of religious extremists and hypocrites, that it was banned for 5 years. That was a mild punishment: a numb er of clerics wanted the playwright burned as a heretic. In its place, he was excommunicated. Regardless of this, the Catholic Encyclopedia asserts Molià ¨re as one of the faithful.What is little known at present is that Molià ¨re was a student of science, a devotee of the skeptical Lucretius; he quotes the Roman poet in The Misanthrope as well as an individualist in religion. The final scene in Molià ¨re's Don Juan was illustrated by a contemporary as a school of skepticism where, after making a clever Atheist say the most awful immoralities, he commended the cause of God to a valet who says ludicrous things. Don Juan was banned. (Michael Rothberg, 1993)Talking about of Molià ¨re's probity, the Catholic writer said religion has no value near the author of Tartuffe. Molià ¨re's Christianity was not as deep as that of Corneille, Racine, Boileau, and almost all the famous writers of his time. Moreover so far, when there was query of his being given Christian interment, and the cu re fluctuated, on the ground that the priest had arrived too late to give absolution to the comedian, who, it might almost be said, passed from the stage to the court of God, his widow provided evidence that he had received the sacraments in the last preceding paschal season.The description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molià ¨re was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and merely under duress from the king was Molià ¨re buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides. He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molià ¨re who said, â€Å"We die only once, and for such a long time†. (Mccarthy, 2002).Work CitedGerry Mccarthy, 2002. The Theatres of Moliaere; Routledge.Michael Rothberg, 1993. Marketing Power: The Seduction of Rhetoric in ‘Dom Juan.' Journal article; The Romanic Review, Vol. 84Research Paper OutlineI. Thesis: The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period.II. Topic Sentence: This was the age of motive.III. Supporting Details:People at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence.Ideology of the EnlightenmentDishonesty and deceptionsd.  Ã‚   TartouffeIV. Moliere:  Life  Productions  ReligionV. Conclusion:The description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molià ¨re was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and mere ly under duress from the king was Molià ¨re buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides.  He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molià ¨re who said, â€Å"We die only once, and for such a long time†. (Gerry Mccarthy, 2002).I reviewed your comments on my proposal and realized that my topic and research paper required a lot of revision. I decided that it would probably be best for me narrow my topic and start over.  Here’s my first proposal with the comments attached.During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life. So was the case in France. Such diverse ways of practicing religion cau sed many conflicts here. Similarly, this play too, highlights such conflicts.I chose to write about religion during the Enlightenment Period because it’s exemplified in Moliere’s Tartouffe. So far Tartouffe is my favorite reading assignment this semester. I think that I will be able to find a lot of information on religion during the Enlightenment Period. I also think there may be several available sources to find information about how Christianity impacted the lives of individuals who lived in that time period. I am also more familiar with this subject. I still can't grasp your exact topic here.This sounds very general and broad. The reader needs a clear direction. ***Which aspects of Christianity during Moliere's time shed light on the actual text Tartuffe? What problems did these present? Which characters will you examine (select only one or two from the play to keep this focused and clear). This is a question you might ask yourself before crafting a focused thesis statement.In my research paper I will be highlighting the similarities of the â€Å"Devots† of the Enlightenment Period and characters in Tartouffe. I hope to show how certain ideas or perspectives have the ability to both dominate and blind individuals regarding religion.I will be using The American Century Dictionary, The American Journey by Goldfield that discusses French culture and several internet articles to support my points in the research paper.  During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life.Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, a European writer, noted the behavior of his fellow countrymen and decided to write a comical play about it.  The â€Å"Devots† made up a large portio n of the Christian religion during the Enlightenment Period. The â€Å"Devots† were self-proclaimed righteous people. They were hypocrites who condemned anyone who didn’t think like them.Inspired by the â€Å"Devots†, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote a comical play making fun of their behavior. The name of Moliere’s play is Tartouffe.  Madame Pernelle, a character in Tartuffe, most identifies with the â€Å"Devots† from the Enlightenment. She sees herself as a devout Christian Women. However, every one in her family except her son Orgon sees her as she truly is; a hypocrite. She is one who is quick to judge and tries to justify her harsh words by insinuating that she only says what God tells her to say. When she was rude to her daughter-in-laws brother Cleante she tried to justify her behavior by saying â€Å"it behooves us not to mince words when righteous fervor moves us.†Like Madame Pernelle in Tartouffe, the â€Å"Devots† of the Enlightenment Period were self righteous hypocrites proclaiming to be ideal Christians. They had a negative impact on the lives of those who chose not to follow them.

Concepts What is Culture?

Did you know that culture is universal, meaning that all people have a culture; however, it is different culture within communities because of numerous reasons like beliefs, religions, and race. Society cannot exist without developing a shared culture. With that being said, many individuals find the Amish culture very different and unique. The Amish roots originated from Europe and due to the torture and deaths the Amish culture had suffered as a result of their strict religion and beliefs, they found refuge in other locations throughout Europe, to include Switzerland, France, Germany, Holland, and Russia; this was known as the protestant reformation. (Amish America,2010) The Amish is a subculture, there are several groups called â€Å"para-Amish† (G.C. Waldrep), they share many characteristics with the Amish, like horse and buggy transportation, plain dress, and the German language. The conflict of the groups compared to the Amish would be their religious beliefs. Furthermore, the Amish culture is different from the mainstream American culture in many ways such as, their food and housing, their life style, and their beliefs. Amish culture can be considered very reluctant to adopt to the convenience of modern technology. (WIKIPEDIA Amish) They live off the land, they do not eat any processed foods like potato chips or corn flakes. They eat German foods such as, sauerkraut, cabbage and potatoes, home baked breads, eggs, dairy products, grain-based foods, fresh poultry and vegetables grown in their gardens. They are well known for their delicious desserts like shoofly pie, sugar cookies, and schnitz. At the same time, the Amish usually only drink beverages like coffee, tea, milk, and lemonade. (United States Amish and Pennsylvania Dutch) Furthermore, the housing for the Amish include mostly large farm like homes in which they share with two or three other families. However, their life style is relatively different from the American life style, Most Amish people make a living by cooking foods, making clothes, building homes, fencing, and wood structures to sell for profit, others farm on their own lands and/or family lands. They speak German or Pennsylvania Dutch. They make their own clothes, the females wear solid colored long dresses with white or black head covers called bonnets, unlike the males who mainly wear plain colored pants with a t-shirt, suspenders, and straw hats. (WIKIPEDIA Amish) Equally important, The Amish operate a one room school, and they do not offer schooling after the eighth grade. Additionally, teens thirteen to sixteen years of age are encouraged to attend vocational training under supervision of their parents, or teachers, but no other schooling is permitted after that. The Amish teach their youth how to live in the Amish culture so no schooling is needed after sixteen because by then they should know how to do the things to sub stain a successful life. The boys learn how to work the farms meaning milk cows, grow crops, gather eggs, and so much more or they learn how build things out of wood to sell or use, while the ladies learn how to cook, sew. And how to take care of a child. (Wikipedia Amish) However, when it comes to transportation the Amish have a little different way to get around they use horse and buggy. The Amish men train the horses to be able to contain a buggy full of people up and down hills and on roadways with the distractions of other vehicles like cars, trucks, and motor cycles. The Amish men also build buggies to sit in so that they can carry their family and protect them from the weather, they hook the horses to the buggies. To my surprise some buggies are even built with lights, horns, and even windshield wipers depending on where the person lives and/or drives. Consequently, that all plays a role into their beliefs and religion. The Amish have many spiritual beliefs, they are a group of traditionalist Christian fellowships with swiss Anabaptist origins. (Wikipedia Amish) The Amish church membership begins with baptism, baptism is required in order to get married. Once a person is baptized with the church, he or she may marry only within the faith. (Wikipedia Amish) Once a couple is married the husband will then grow a long beard to represent he is a married man. In church which is held every other Sunday in a members home a Bishop along with several ministers and deacons will stress the importance of their Rural life style. They will go over the rules of the church which includes the prohibitions or limitations of the use of power-lines electricity, telephones, and automobiles, if a member is caught doing things outside the Amish religion they are excommunication and may be shunned, which means no one in the community will talk or help that person they are pretty much on there own. (Wikipedia Amish) Moreover,, the Amish can easily be picked out of a crowd because of their material culture. Examples of the material culture that the Amish express are homemade dresses, they are long and one solid color , the bonnets the ladies wear, the horse and buggy they ride in, the hair cuts and facial hair of the men and the long hair for woman. However the non-material culture the Amish express would be there Pennsylvania Dutch language they speak, their belief of baptizing as an adult instead of an infant, the little to no technology they can use, and their belief to not continue their education. In my opinion I respect the fact that they strongly believe in a life with no violence, they seem very family oriented. I believe that the Amish culture love having a honest life living off the land and they are very talented when it comes to the things they can make by hand. Nevertheless, I experienced culture shock after researching how they can live without electricity and telephones, Furthermore, The Amish indicated cultural lag when they stated that they only make medical decisions based on the bible, the mothers have their children at home instead of in hospitals. They do not go to doctors they use remedies and scriptures for healing. In conclusion I feel i am like the Amish in some ways because, I believe in god and share some of the Christian beliefs, i also have grown my own produce before. In contrast, I differ from the Amish mainly because I encourage expanding your education and I love the use of technology I would more than likely be lost without my cell phone and car. I also work outside of my family and home and I can freely date any culture or race if I desire. I would have to say I am just simply more independent and free to do as I want.

Literary Standards Essay

There are generally considered to be seven standards a piece of literature should abide to in order to be considered ‘literary’. If a piece of writing is considered ‘literary’ this usually suggests that it is a scholarly article or classical writing that is extremely well written and is very informative. Literary writing can be intellectual and contain a lot of cleverly hidden meanings which ensure the writing can be enjoyed and studied on many different levels and often still enjoyed many years after it was written. Many people believe that literature cannot be defined and literary theory should simply be thought of as way of interpreting both texts and events. The seven standards that a piece of literature usually contains to be considered literary are: Permanence An important feature of great literature is that it endures. Classic literature such as Dickens is still enjoyed by readers today, generations after it was originally written and in a completely different world to the one it was intended for. This is extremely important because if a work of literature is not enjoyed 20 years after publication, it will simply be forgotten. Universal appeal This is similar to endurance in the fact that literature must appeal to a range of people across different age groups, nationalities, cultures and beliefs. Artistry The literature should be well written and appeal to our creative sides with beautifully crafted phrases and sentences. Sentences such as these are often memorized and can become famous phrases. Style The writer of literature will usually have a unique view of the world and will put thoughts to us in a way we have never considered. It may be thoughts about the world or it may simply be thoughts about the actual words used. Words may be used in a creative and unusual way that is entertaining and interested. Intellectually valuable Literary work will usually inform us about our past, our present or the world around us. It may not be in the form of facts and figures but it will help us understand our lives and realize truths about humanity and life in general. Literature should mentally stimulate us and enriches our thoughts. Suggestiveness Literature should carry many associations that lead beyond the surface meaning. Underlying suggestions usually carry an enormous amount of emotional power, often because it is not directly mentioned but hinted at through associations that can often be more powerful. The reader is left to establish what the author is suggesting and this captures the reader’s imagination by making think about what they are reading and engaging them into the story. Spiritual Value Great works of literature are often thought to have an underlying moral message that can potentially make us better people. Moral values are often written between the lines and can help us become better people. 1.ARTISTRY – this is a quality which appeals to our sense of beauty. 2.INTELLECTUAL VALUE – a literary work stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by making us realize fundamental truths about life and human nature. 3.SUGGESTIVENESS – this is the quality associated w/the emotional power of literature. 4.SPIRITUAL VALUE – Literature elevates the spirit by bringing out moral values which make us better persons. 5.PERMANENCE – a great work of literature endures. 6.UNIVERSALITY – great literature is timeless and timely. 7.STYLE – this is the peculiar way in which a writer sees life, forms his ideas and expresses them.

Social media - the new communication tool - what's in it for companies Research Paper

Social media - the new communication tool - what's in it for companies - Research Paper Example Meanwhile, the 35+ demographic makes up 30% of the user database.2 There are also many users who use Facebook quite frequently – 48% of 18 to 34 year olds check Facebook right when they first wake up, and 28% check their Facebook from their smart phones before they get out of bed.3 The reasons why people use Facebook are shown in the activities on Facebook – on an average day, 20% of the users will comment on another users photo, 26% of users will like another users content, 10% of users will send another user a private message, 15% of users will update their own status, and 22% of users will comment on Facebook has made one’s social circle wider, but much more shallow, with some people having 1,000s of â€Å"friends.† And, since it would presumably be impossible for any one person to have that many â€Å"friends†, a person’s friends list is mainly populated by â€Å"weak ties† who might be mere acquaintances – â€Å"it might be someone they met at a conference, or someone from high school who recently ‘friended’ them on Facebook, or somebody from last year’s holiday party. In their pre-Internet lives, these sorts of acquaintances would have quickly faded from their attention. But when one of these far-flung people suddenly posts a personal note to your feed, it is essentially a reminder that they exist.† 5 While this is an accurate description of the vast majority of â€Å"friends† on one’s Facebook account, it often gets even further removed. Some of the â€Å"friends† , in fact, for a lot o f us, many of the â€Å"friends† are people to whom one has never spoken a word – random people from school that you know of, have seen around, but have never spoken to, along with many â€Å"frenemies† who you maybe never liked, all show up on one’s â€Å"friend† list and proceed to bombard you with their everyday mundane activities. Yet these silly, mundane, borderline narcissistic news feed

Can the judiciary hold some court hearings in a nearby church when the Essay

Can the judiciary hold some court hearings in a nearby church when the courthouse is undergoing needed repairs and renovation D - Essay Example Courts are established under the constitution of the United States, with the highest court being the Supreme Court (â€Å"USLEGAL web†). The constitution gives power to these courts to conduct business on behalf of the federal government. Every state in the United States is divided into counties. In these counties, we have courts that deal with all manner of legal issues. Can the judiciary hold some court hearings in a nearby church when the courthouse is undergoing repairs and renovation? Legally, there are no provisions in the law for this. The law defines a legal premise as all portions of a courthouse except those of the judge chambers and the lounge (â€Å"24 The Twenty fourth Judicial District Court†). The court has general courthouse rules. If these proceedings were to be held in a church, there would be a conflict of interest. The courthouse has rules that are to make operating of the courthouse easy and ensure no disruptions or interference during proceedings. There are areas marked as entrance and exits for spectators, judges, the accused and this is usually enforced (Storey). Enforcing this entrance and exit rules in the church becomes legally impossible. A church is recognized as a place that has an attachment to religion, in this case Christianity. The businesses conducted by most Christian churches on the church premise always have an attachment to the provisions of the faith. An example is given of weddings, requiem mass, children ordaining, church play, singing competitions, and confessions. All these features are related to religion and holding a court case in a church is a conflict of interest. However, the cases heard ion courts vary from divorce cases to criminal cases. They do not carry the same weight, which is why we have special courts for family law and criminal cases. A family divorce case being held in a church, having the two people involved as Christians could turn out just fine. There will be restraint in the way the matter is being handled and the two parties can feel a certain level of remorse and end up reconsidering their positions on the case. A family divorce case involving two Buddhists or atheists in a church is particularly disturbing. The church would want the cases being held in their premise to have a foundation of Christianity or Christian law. The identity of the litigant would affect the legal outcome in a church setting. This is only if the judges sitting on the jury bench are Christians and have particular convictions to do the right thing according to the Christian law. However, should the judges have a Muslim background, their faith cannot allow them to enter a church building turned a courthouse. The issue of one’s faith therefore takes play in these cases. A criminal defendant, in a church turned courthouse, whose faith is Christianity may not defend his client in the same way he would if it were a courthouse. Should a criminal lawyer raise an objection to a point tha t is straight forward as wrong according to the Christian law, it may look like hypocrisy to the very faith he supports. A murder suspect whose case is being tried in court may make objections on the ruling because the premise had an impact on the way the case was handled. A divorce defendant who is objecting to an issue in court and trying to defend against the divorce can gain sympathy ruling because the premise in which it is conducted in is a church. The Christian law is against divorce and such a case being tried in a church may